• Fragile things are exposed to volatility, robust things resist it, antifragile things benefit from it.
  • The antifragile system is made up of fragile parts.
    • The weak one dies in the process while the strong one stays.
    • Individual failure can provide helpful information to strengthen the system as a whole.
  • Shock and stressors strengthen antifragile system by forcing them to build up capacity.
    • When human bounce back after traumatic accidents, hardships or failures, they become stronger.
    • Lifting heavy puts the body to unusual stress and makes the muscle stronger.
    • Even though The Titanic was a disaster, it made the ship cruising system stronger.
  • Trying to over-control systems often leads to fragility.
    • Mom who overprotects her children prevents them from developing the ability to bounce back and adapt to future difficulties.
  • To take advantage of antifragility, you don’t need to understand the opportunities you see, just when to seize them.
    • Society put too much value on theoretical or academic knowledge and not too much on a practical one.
    • Often the most successful traders don’t know complicated economic theory or finance; they know when to buy and sell.
    • The Industrial Revolution was not instigated by academics but hobbyists.
  • The shorter the time frame you observe an event, the higher the noise you will perceive.
  • Prediction in the modern world is impossible.
    • We always find patterns, causes, explanations in past events, but they are useless for predicting the future.
    • An assumption that the worst event we have witnessed must be the worst that could ever happen is simply false.
    • What’s most likely to stick in the future is what has already been around for long.
    • Instead of trying to predict what is going to happen, position yourself in such a way that you have optionality.
      • The more options you have, the more ways you have to respond to unforeseen events (but not too many options).
      • Prepare for failure scenarios.
  • Squeeze is a situation where you have no choice but to do it, regardless of the cost.
    • They are the opposite of options.
    • The larger something is, the harder the squeeze, the more damage it causes.
    • Still, the larger something is, the harder it will be hit by unexpected events.
  • The Barbell Strategy suggests to play it safe on one side so that you can take more risks on other side.
    • Cover your downside to protect yourself from extreme harm.
    • Let the upside take care of itself.
      • If the risky part plays out badly, you’re still fine.
      • If a Black Swan event makes the risks pay off big, you profit handsomely.
  • Practical activities:
    • Lift heavy weights or do HIIT.
    • Practice intermittent fasting.
    • Eat fermented foods, such as sauerkraut, kimchi, yogurt, pickles,…
    • Cold/heat exposure.
      • Take cold showers, ice baths, wear less clothes and sleep only with your sheets.
      • Take saunas, do Bikram yoga and get a sweat on during training.
    • Put most of your money in safe investments and 10% in highly lucrative ones.
    • Keep your day job but take massive action on your side hustle at night.

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